According to MSDS, 60-70% of Reactive Black WNN dye is made of sodium 4-amino-5-hydroxy-3,6-bis[[4-[[2-(sulfooxy)ethyl]sulfonyl]phenyl]azo ]-2, 7-naphthalene disulfonate (CAS No. 17095-24-8) and its structure are shown in Figure below.

Distaining of Reactive Black WNN Dye in Batch, Fed Batch and Continuous up Flow Column System Using Immobilized P. alvei MTCC 10625

Distaining of the Reactive Black WNN dye was carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks containing 50 ml of MS medium containing a dye concentration of 100 mg/l inoculated with a fixed matrix (PUF and/or NM) in a batch system. In the case of the fed-batch system, MS medium was supplemented with WNN dye in Erlenmeyer flasks and then incubated for 24 hours for 8 days by adding medium and dye in batches. The samples were further analyzed for discoloration.

For distaining in a continuous system, an up flow acrylic column (height: 30 cm; OD: 3.0 cm and ID: 2.5 cm) with a working volume of 100 ml was prepared. The column was aseptically packed with previously acclimated and fixed P. alvei MTCC 10625 to a bed height of 25 cm. The void volume of the column packed with matrix was determined to be 70 ml. The MS medium containing 100 mg/L Reactive Black WNN dye was pumped through the column using a peristaltic pump at a specific flow rate of 6-7 mL/h. Discoloration samples were periodically taken from the outlet for 12 days and further analyzed for discoloration, biodegradation and toxicity.

The dye Reactive Black WNN is our generous gift Knife. The absorption maximum (λ) of the Reactive Black WNN dye is the maximum Obtained by wavelength scan of Reactive Black WNN dye Solution (1000 ppm diluted stock solution) visible above The range is 350-750nm. Growth Media and Chemicals Purchased from Roop Dyes. All chemicals Analytical grade and high purity were used. Study the effects of static and vibrational conditions for decolorization, 50 ppm mineral salt media Inoculate Reactive Black WNN dye with 5% of the inoculum Staphylococcus epidermidis MTCC 10623 (1.115) 24 hour culture 9-1 x 10 cells ml) and incubate statically at 37±1°C Shaking (120 rpm) condition. Absorb and Determination of discoloration rate at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after hatching. All experiments are in three times.

Phytotoxicity tests were conducted for evaluation toxicity of the dye Reactive Black WNN and its resulting metabolites After degradation by Staphylococcus epidermidis MTCC 10623. Tested on Phaseolus mungo (dicotyledonous plant) a Common crops in India. Ten healthy seeds beans are individually sown in foil a 15 g can of washed and dried sand [5,19]. Toxicity studies were conducted at room temperature water 5ml reactive black WNN dye (100ppm) and its daily degradation metabolites (100 ppm). Control records are also done by watering the seeds distilled water (5 ml per day). Germination rate, length Embryos and radicles were recorded after 13 days.

Decolorization at different temperature

Temperature is another important physical parameter that influences the microbial growth in the biological treatment of textile dyes, as cell metabolism is responsible for the decolorization and degradation of dye. Variation in temperature decreases or increases the enzyme activity. Dye decolorization and degradation is an enzymes catalyzed reaction and rate will depend on the amount of dye decolorized. Decolorization of Reactive Black WNN dye with S. epidermidis MTCC 10623 observed maximum 97.3% decolorization at 35°C followed by 40°C (96.2%), 45°C (96.3%), 30°C (95%) and 25°C (79%) after 72h incubation (Table 2). Therefore, 35°C was determined as optimal temperature for highest decolorization.